Category: Metallurgy Insights

The internal quality of billets refers to their macrostructure, component segregation, central porosity, centerline segregation, and internal cracks. The formation of these defects is influenced by heat transfer, mass transfer, and stress during solidification. After thermal processing, some defects may disappear, some may become distorted, and others may remain intact—ultimately…

Casting billet surface defects vary in shape and are primarily influenced by the solidification process within the mould. These defects are closely related to the formation of the initial steel shell, fluctuations in the mould’s liquid level, immersion nozzle design, the performance of protective slag, and other related factors. Proper…

Generally, in the steelmaking process, the classification of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is based on specific operational characteristics, such as the nature of the power supply, furnace lining type, charging mode, transformer output power, and tapping mode for molten steel. Commonly, EAF can be categorized according to the following features:…

Scrap steel is the primary raw material for arc furnace smelting. However, social (recycled) scrap often contains high levels of harmful elements such as Cu, Sn, As, and Pb, which are difficult to remove. The partial substitution of scrap steel with alternative materials—such as hot metal (pig iron), direct reduced…

In the practical melting process, both types of furnaces have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Thermal Efficiency The IF (Induction Furnace) has higher thermal efficiency and can rapidly heat the charge materials. In contrast, the EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) loses a significant amount of arc heat through the furnace cover…

The section steel production line uses billets for rough rolling, intermediate rolling, and finishing rolling after heating. The finished section steel products in various dimensions are bundled and sent to storage after sizing. These products are classified into ordinary section steel and high-quality section steel. Ordinary section steel includes I-beams,…